Data & Privacy
- Data Act
- Data Governance Act
- ePrivacy Directive
- GDPR
AI & Trust
- Artificial Intelligence Act
Cybersecurity
- Cybersecurity Act
- DORA
- NIS2
Digital Services & Media
- Digital Markets Act
- Digital Services Act
- European Media Freedom Act
General Data Protection Regulation
- Recitals
CHAPTER I
General provisionsArticles 1 — 4
CHAPTER II
PrinciplesArticles 5 — 11
CHAPTER III
Rights of the data subjectArticles 12 — 23
CHAPTER IV
Controller and processorArticles 24 — 43
CHAPTER V
Transfers of personal data to third countries or international organisationsArticles 44 — 50
CHAPTER VI
Independent supervisory authoritiesArticles 51 — 59
CHAPTER VII
Cooperation and consistencyArticles 60 — 76
CHAPTER VIII
Remedies, liability and penaltiesArticles 77 — 84
CHAPTER IX
Provisions relating to specific processing situationsArticles 85 — 91
CHAPTER X
Delegated acts and implementing actsArticles 92 — 93
CHAPTER XI
Final provisionsArticles 94 — 99
GDPR Article 78. Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority
- 1.Without prejudice to any other administrative or non-judicial remedy, each natural or legal person shall have the right to an effective judicial remedy against a legally binding decision of a supervisory authority concerning them.
- 2.Without prejudice to any other administrative or non-judicial remedy, each data subject shall have the right to a an effective judicial remedy where the supervisory authority which is competent pursuant to Articles 55 and 56 does not handle a complaint or does not inform the data subject within three months on the progress or outcome of the complaint lodged pursuant to Article 77.
- 3.Proceedings against a supervisory authority shall be brought before the courts of the Member State where the supervisory authority is established.
- 4.Where proceedings are brought against a decision of a supervisory authority which was preceded by an opinion or a decision of the Board in the consistency mechanism, the supervisory authority shall forward that opinion or decision to the court.
Relevant Recitals for this Article
Any natural or legal person has the right to bring an action for annulment of decisions of the Board before the Court of Justice under the conditions provided for in Article 263 TFEU. As addressees of such decisions, the supervisory authorities concerned which wish to challenge them have to bring action within two months of being notified of them, in accordance with Article 263 TFEU. Where decisions of the Board are of direct and individual concern to a controller, processor or complainant, the latter may bring an action for annulment against those decisions within two months of their publication on the website of the Board, in accordance with Article 263 TFEU. Without prejudice to this right under Article 263 TFEU, each natural or legal person should have an effective judicial remedy before the competent national court against a decision of a supervisory authority which produces legal effects concerning that person. Such a decision concerns in particular the exercise of investigative, corrective and authorisation powers by the supervisory authority or the dismissal or rejection of complaints. However, the right to an effective judicial remedy does not encompass measures taken by supervisory authorities which are not legally binding, such as opinions issued by or advice provided by the supervisory authority. Proceedings against a supervisory authority should be brought before the courts of the Member State where the supervisory authority is established and should be conducted in accordance with that Member State's procedural law. Those courts should exercise full jurisdiction, which should include jurisdiction to examine all questions of fact and law relevant to the dispute before them.